Personality & Cognition

What Is Neuroticism And Is It Genetic?

Aira on January 31, 2024

Overview

What is Neuroticism?

Neuroticism is a personality trait characterized by a tendency towards anxiety, moodiness, worry, envy, and frustration. It is one of the five prominent traits in psychology. It refers to the degree of emotional stability and impulse control. People high in neuroticism often experience emotional instability. They are more likely to interpret ordinary situations as threatening and minor frustrations as hopelessly strenuous.

Is Neuroticism a Mental Illness?

Neuroticism itself is not a mental illness. It is a personality trait that can influence our view of the world and our reactions to stress. However, high levels of neuroticism are associated with an increased risk of developing mental health disorders, such as anxiety and depression, due to the heightened sensitivity to stress and negative stimuli.

What Causes Neuroticism?

Though the exact cause of neuroticism is not fully understood, researchers believe it to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role. Life experiences, particularly those in early childhood, can shape neurotic tendencies. Psychological factors, such as coping strategies and perception of events, also contribute to developing this trait.

How to Lower Neuroticism?

Lowering neuroticism involves developing healthier coping mechanisms, emotional regulation skills, and stress management techniques. Mindfulness practices, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and regular physical activity can help manage the symptoms of neuroticism. Building strong social connections and seeking professional help when necessary are also effective strategies.

How to Treat Neuroticism?

Treating neuroticism focuses on managing its symptoms rather than the trait itself. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective in helping individuals understand and change their thought patterns. Mindfulness and stress reduction techniques can also be beneficial. In some cases, doctors may prescribe medication to manage specific symptoms like anxiety or depression associated with high levels of neuroticism. Regular exercise, a healthy diet, and sufficient sleep can usher in overall emotional well-being.

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Genetics Of Neuroticism

In 2017, in a study involving the Netherlands Twin Register, researchers constructed extended pedigrees of 253,015 subjects from 58,645 families, detailing the relationships among participants. The findings revealed a broad-sense heritability of neuroticism as high as 47%, providing new insights into the genetic and environmental influences on neuroticism.

A few specific genetic variants have been indicated in neuroticism:

L3MBTL2

The L3MBTL2 gene, also known as Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like 2, is a protein-coding gene that helps regulate chromatin structure and gene expression. It codes for a protein part of the Polycomb group (PcG) of proteins. These proteins are known for their involvement in maintaining the repressed state of genes over multiple cell generations, thereby playing a crucial role in developmental processes and cellular memory.

According to a 2016 GWAS, a variant linked to neuroticism was identified in the L3MBTL2 (rs9611519) gene that has previously been associated with schizophrenia.

CRHR1

Another 2016 GWAS identified a neuroticism-associated genetic locus on chromosome 17; SNPrs111433752. This SNP is in CRHR1, a gene coding for the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1. CRHR1 is activated by corticotropin-releasing hormone leading to cortisol release, a hormone central to the stress response. CRHR1 plays a vital role in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, the mechanism of our bodies to manage stress, which is known to alter in severe depression. Additionally, CRHR1 is implicated in anxiety-related behaviors in animal models. It has genetic links to panic disorder in humans, highlighting its significance in stress-related conditions.

Non-Genetic Factors Affecting Neuroticism

Non-genetic factors affecting neuroticism encompass a range of environmental and personal experiences. These include:

Childhood Experiences: Early life experiences, particularly those involving trauma or stress, can significantly influence the development of neurotic traits.
Life Events: Major life events, such as the loss of a loved one, divorce, or job loss, can trigger or exacerbate neurotic tendencies.
Social Environment: Relationships with family, friends, and colleagues, as well as social support systems, can impact levels of neuroticism. Isolation or poor relationship quality can increase neurotic traits.
Culture and Societal Factors: Cultural norms and societal expectations can shape personality traits, including neuroticism. Societies with high levels of competition or stress may contribute to higher levels of neuroticism.
Personal Coping Mechanisms and Resilience: Individual differences in coping strategies and resilience to stress can affect the development or manifestation of neuroticism.
Mental Health Conditions: Existing mental health issues, such as anxiety or depression, can be both a cause and effect of high neuroticism.

These factors, in combination with genetic predispositions, contribute to the complexity of neuroticism as a personality trait.

Actionable Tips For Regulating Your Emotions

Regulating emotions effectively can significantly enhance well-being and interpersonal relationships. Here are some actionable tips:

Mindfulness Practice: Engage in mindfulness techniques like meditation or deep breathing exercises. These practices help you stay present and aware, making it easier to manage overwhelming emotions.
Identify Triggers: Recognize situations or people that trigger strong emotions. Understanding these triggers can help you prepare and respond more calmly.
Express Yourself: Constructively communicate your feelings. Journaling or talking to a trusted person can be effective in processing emotions.
Physical Activity: Regular exercise can help regulate mood and reduce stress, which, in turn, can make emotions more manageable.
Healthy Lifestyle: Ensure sufficient sleep, a balanced diet, and hydration. Physical well-being greatly influences emotional regulation.
Seek Professional Help: If emotional regulation is consistently challenging, consider therapy. Therapists can provide strategies tailored to your specific needs.
Cognitive Restructuring: Learn to challenge and change negative thought patterns exacerbating emotional responses.
Pause and Reflect: Before reacting, take a moment to pause. This brief period can provide clarity and prevent impulsive responses.
Develop Empathy: Understanding other perspectives can help manage our emotions in social situations.
Practice Self-Compassion: Be kind to yourself, especially during emotional turmoil. Self-compassion leads to healthier ways of dealing with difficult emotions.

LifeDNA’s Personality & Cognition Report

The LifeDNA Personality Report offers intriguing insights into how your genetics might influence your behavior, emotions, and social interactions. Based on genetic markers associated with personality traits like introversion, extroversion, and emotional resilience, the report provides a detailed analysis to help you understand yourself better. Knowing your genetic predispositions can guide personal development, optimize relationships, and aid in career satisfaction.

Also Read: A Full Walkthrough Of the LifeDNA Personality & Cognition Report

References

*Understanding your genetics can offer valuable insights into your well-being, but it is not deterministic. Your traits can be influenced by the complex interplay involving nature, lifestyle, family history, and others.

Our reports and suggestions do not diagnose or treat any health conditions or provide any medical advice. Consult with a healthcare professional before making any major lifestyle changes or if you have any other concerns about your results.

Is Intelligence Genetic?

Aira on September 15, 2023

Overview

Is Intelligence a Purely Human Trait?

The capacity to learn from experience, adapt to novel circumstances, comprehend and manage abstract concepts, and apply information to influence one’s surroundings are all components of human intelligence. The pursuit of defining intelligence stirs up a lot of discourse among intelligence researchers. In their definitions of intelligence, several researchers have placed differing emphasis on various components.
So are humans the only intelligent beings on the planet? In actuality, intelligence is a complex term that is challenging to describe and tough to separate from our abilities. Even more challenging is determining intelligence. Humans can have verbal exchanges or administer written exams to others when trying to assess intelligence. However, it is particularly challenging to gauge animal intelligence because they lack language and have opposable thumbs.

Even though it can be challenging to define intelligence in animals and assess their cognitive abilities, research has accumulated a wealth of data demonstrating that animals of many different species possess sophisticated intelligence.

What is Intelligence?

American psychologists Lewis Terman and Edward L. Thorndike disagreed over the notion of intelligence in a 1921 symposium, with Terman placing more emphasis on the capacity for abstract thought and Thorndike placing more emphasis on learning and the ability to provide insightful answers.

When defining intelligence, it’s essential to emphasize that it’s not just a mental function. Instead, it’s a purposeful blend of various activities aimed at achieving successful adaptation. More recently, psychologists have come to the conclusion that the key to understanding both what intelligence is and what it accomplishes, is to see it as adaptation to the environment. The majority of the time, adaptation is altering oneself to better cope with the environment, but it can also entail altering the environment or finding a whole new one.

Intelligence is a multifaceted concept that encompasses our ability to understand, learn, reason, and adapt to our environment. It’s not just about being book-smart; it’s about using our minds effectively to tackle life’s challenges. There isn’t a single universally accepted definition of intelligence, but researchers have explored different aspects of it.

An influential perspective comes from psychologist Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences. He suggests that intelligence isn’t a single entity but a combination of various abilities, such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal intelligence. This view highlights the diversity of human intelligence and how people can excel in different ways.

Another well-known theory is emotional intelligence (EQ), developed by Daniel Goleman. It emphasizes the importance of understanding and managing emotions, both in oneself and in others, as a key component of intelligence.

Nature vs. Nurture: Is Intelligence Genetic or Environmental?

In the fields of psychology and genetics, the argument over whether intelligence is largely impacted by heredity or the environment has a long history and is complicated. Understanding the relative contributions of genetic (nature) and environmental (nurture) elements in determining a person’s intellect is the goal of the nature versus nurture debate.

According to some research, intelligence is significantly influenced by both genetics and environment. Since identical twins tend to have more similar IQ scores than fraternal twins, studies involving twins and adoption have demonstrated that intelligence definitely has a genetic component. Environmental variables, however, also have a significant impact, as children who grow up in an stimulating and encouraging setting typically score higher on the IQ scale than those who grow up in underprivileged or neglectful circumstances.

The ongoing research into the interplay between genetics and the environment in shaping intelligence underscores the complexity of this topic and highlights the need for a holistic understanding that considers both factors.

Genetic Markers

The human genome contains regions that have been linked to variances in cognitive ability; these regions are known as the genetic markers of intelligence. Although tremendous progress has been made in finding genes associated with intelligence, it is important to remember that intelligence is a complex trait impacted by various genes and environmental factors.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms or SNPs are differences in a single nucleotide, the basic unit of DNA. Some SNPs have been linked to characteristics relevant to IQ. A very large study that discovered a number of SNPs that are connected to cognitive ability, can give some insight into the genetic foundation of intelligence. Some SNPs that were found to be primarily linked to verbal-numeric reasoning aspect of human intelligence include SNPs rs34811474 (ANAPC4), rs2454206 (TET2), rs2305050 (MAP9), rs12554512, rs12043581, rs4344368, rs11586170 (LINC02607), rs3795243 (NCAPG), rs13107325 (SLC39A8), rs1487445, rs9384679, rs13270757 (SGCZ)], rs4129585 (TSNARE1), rs7498665 (SH2B1), and rs2486012 (ST3GAL3).

Other genes and proteins associated with Cognitive Function:

COMT Gene

The COMT gene encodes an enzyme that regulates the availability of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with cognitive functions. Variations in the COMT gene have been linked to differences in cognitive performance, particularly in tasks requiring working memory and executive function.

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)

BDNF plays a crucial role in brain development and synaptic plasticity. Variants of the BDNF gene have been associated with variations in memory and learning abilities.

CHRM2 Gene

The CHRM2 gene encodes a receptor for acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory. Specific variants of this gene have been linked to cognitive performance, with some studies suggesting a role in memory processes.

APOE Gene

While primarily associated with Alzheimer’s disease risk, the APOE gene has also been studied in the context of cognitive function. The APOE ε4 variant is associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer’s but may also have subtle effects on cognitive abilities in non-disease contexts.

It’s important to emphasize that intelligence is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and no single gene can determine a person’s intelligence. Additionally, the genetic markers mentioned above have relatively small effects individually and are just one piece of the larger intelligence puzzle.

Non-Genetic Factors

Fluid intelligence, sometimes referred to as abstract reasoning, is influenced by a variety of environmental factors in addition to hereditary ones, all of which are vital for cognitive development and intellectual ability. Throughout a person’s life, these non-genetic or environmental influences influence intelligence.

Parental Engagement and the Early Childhood Environment

Development of the brain is significantly influenced by the environment in which a child is reared, especially in the early years. Intellectual development can be encouraged by having access to early schooling, having a dynamic family environment, and having social contact possibilities. A child’s cognitive development benefits from a caring and stimulating home environment with involved parents. At-home interactions, reading, and intellectual pursuits can increase intelligence.

Dietary Intake and Physical Activity

For the development of the brain, adequate nutrition is essential, especially during infancy and youth. Intellectual impairments can be caused by malnutrition or dietary deficits, which can impede cognitive growth. Additionally, regular exercise has been associated with increased intelligence and cognitive performance. Exercise helps the brain stay healthy and can improve memory and learning.

Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Educational Opportunities

The caliber of education and availability of educational resources are significant determinants of intelligence. Cognitive abilities can be improved by attending top-notch schools, working with qualified teachers, and having access to books and technology. SES is a potent indicator of cognitive growth as well. Children with higher SES levels typically have access to better healthcare, educational opportunities, and resources, which can result in smarter kids.

Adversity and Stress

Negative childhood experiences and high levels of chronic stress might have a negative impact on cognitive development. Lower IQ scores can result from several environmental factors impairing cognitive performance.

Peer Influence and Technology Access

Social experiences and peer interactions can influence cognitive development. Intellectual development can be facilitated by supportive peer interactions and social learning opportunities. Everyone now communicates through technology. The inequality in access to technology and the internet, known as the “digital divide,” may have an impact on cognitive development. Having access to digital materials may also improve one’s capacity for learning and problem-solving.

Cultural Aspects

Cognitive development and the kinds of abilities prioritized within a particular culture can be influenced by cultural values, practices, and expectations. These cultural elements can influence how the intellect is expressed.

Research is still being done to better understand how genetics and environment interact to shape human intelligence. The influence of genetics and environment on intelligence is linked, and these environmental elements frequently interact with genetic influences. Additionally, depending on unique circumstances, the effects of these environmental elements can differ from person to person.

What are the Types of Intelligence?

To categorize and define the many types of intelligence, numerous hypotheses and models have been put forth over the years. These models propose that intelligence is more complex than a single, all-encompassing idea and can be divided into a variety of diverse sorts or domains.

General Intelligence

General intelligence, often referred to as “g,” is a concept proposed by psychologist Charles Spearman. It represents a person’s overall cognitive ability and is thought to underlie all intellectual tasks. It reflects the idea that individuals who excel in one cognitive domain tend to perform well in others.

Multiple Intelligences Theory

Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences proposes that there are several distinct types of intelligence, each representing a different way of processing information. Gardner initially identified seven types:

Linguistic Intelligence: The ability to understand and use language effectively.
Logical-Mathematical Intelligence: Proficiency in logical reasoning, problem-solving, and mathematical operations.
Spatial Intelligence: The capacity to perceive, manipulate, and navigate spatial relationships.
Musical Intelligence: Skill in understanding and creating music.
Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence: Expertise in physical activities and body movement.
Interpersonal Intelligence: The ability to understand and interact effectively with others.
Intrapersonal Intelligence: Self-awareness and self-understanding, including emotional intelligence.
Naturalist intelligence: The ability to recognize and categorize plants, animals, and other objects in nature.
Existential intelligence: The sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence such as, “What is the meaning of life? Why do we die? How did we get here?”

Emotional Intelligence (EQ)

The term “emotional intelligence” refers to the capacity to identify, comprehend, control, and employ emotions in interpersonal interactions and problem-solving. Daniel Goleman popularized it in his book Emotional Intelligence.

Practical Intelligence

Practical intelligence, also referred to as “street smarts,” is the capacity to adjust to and flourish in everyday circumstances. It requires abilities connected to logical thinking, problem-solving, and adjusting to different situations in life.

Creativity

While not always categorized as a separate type of intelligence, creativity is a distinct cognitive ability. It involves the generation of novel and valuable ideas, solutions, and artistic expressions.

Social Intelligence

The ability to comprehend and successfully navigate social interactions is referred to as social intelligence. It entails efficient communication, empathy, and the capacity to read social cues.

Cultural Intelligence (CQ)

Cultural intelligence involves the capability to work effectively across diverse cultural contexts. It includes an understanding of different cultural norms, values, and communication styles.

It’s crucial to remember that various sorts of intelligence are not mutually exclusive and that people can have different amounts of each. Furthermore, as new angles and views are being explored through continuing study, the idea of intelligence is still changing.

Why is Improving Intelligence Important?

Enhancing intellect is crucial for both individual and society’s well-being. There are strong reasons to work toward improving intelligence, despite the fact that it is a complicated attribute influenced by various circumstances.

Personal Development

People with higher intelligence have a greater capacity for processing information, comprehension, and problem-solving. As people become more capable of overcoming obstacles with greater ease and adaptability, their lives become richer and more rewarding.

Educational Achievement

Better academic success can result from increased intelligence. Strong cognitive abilities help students succeed academically, pick up new skills more quickly, and understand difficult ideas, which opens up a variety of educational and employment prospects.

Career Development

Success in the workplace is greatly influenced by intelligence. Employers place a great value on increased productivity, wise decision-making, and problem-solving capabilities, all of which can be achieved through improved cognitive capacities. Higher IQ scores are frequently associated with improved opportunities for career growth and higher earning potential.

Creativity and Innovation

Innovation and creativity are fostered by intelligence. Strong cognitive thinkers are more likely to come up with original ideas, devise creative solutions to issues, and progress in a variety of disciplines, including science, technology, and the arts.

Improved Problem-Solving and Decision-Making

Having more intelligence makes it easier to solve problems. This is essential for dealing with personal problems as well as intricate societal and international problems including social inequity, healthcare, and climate change. Better decision-making is also a result of higher cognitive capacity. People with higher IQs are better able to analyze options, foresee outcomes, and make decisions that are both good for them and for others.

Social Contributions and Global Competence

People with higher intelligence frequently play important roles in the advancement of society. They contribute to the growth of knowledge in the fields of science, technology, education, and the formulation of laws that enhance the standard of living in societies. High intellect is necessary for global competency in a world that is becoming more linked.

Individual Contentment and Adaptive Resilience

A sense of personal fulfillment and self-fulfillment can result from ongoing intellectual development and self-improvement. It encourages a never-ending love of learning and self-discovery.

Better intellect gives people the capacity to adjust to shifting conditions and triumph over hardship. People who have improved cognitive flexibility and critical thinking are better able to deal with the problems of life, which lowers stress and increases mental resilience.

While it’s necessary to pursue intelligence enhancement, it’s also crucial to recognize that intelligence comes in a variety of ways and that every person has different capabilities and room for growth.

Ways to Improve Intelligence

Intelligence is a complex trait influenced by both genetics and environmental factors. While it is important to note that certain factors, such as genetics, play a significant role in determining a person’s cognitive abilities, there are ways to enhance and maximize one’s intellectual potential.

Lifelong Education and Mental Exercise

Your cognitive talents can be improved by making studying a habit. Take part in mental-challenging activities, such as reading, taking courses, learning a new language, or picking up new talents. By completing puzzles, taking part in strategic games, or performing brain-training exercises, you may keep your brain engaged. These exercises help improve your memory, flexibility, and problem-solving abilities.

Exercise, Sleep, and a Healthy Diet

Improved cognitive performance has been related to regular physical activity. Exercise improves the overall health of the brain by boosting blood flow to the brain and encouraging the development of new neurons.

Your diet is crucial for brain function. A diet high in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and other nutrients can help to sustain cognitive health. Brain-boosting foods include salmon, berries, almonds, and leafy greens. For the brain to function properly and to consolidate memories, quality sleep and rest are essential. For best brain function, aim for 7 to 9 hours of unbroken sleep each night.

Social Interaction, Exposure, and Travel

Your intellect can be stimulated by taking part in significant social interactions and conversations. Your knowledge and capacity for critical thought can grow as a result of sharing viewpoints and ideas with others. Your horizons can be expanded, your cultural intelligence can be raised, and your adaptability can be improved by being exposed to many cultures and surroundings.

Reduced Stress and Tension

Cognitive function may be negatively impacted by ongoing stress. Utilize stress-reduction strategies like yoga, mindfulness, or deep breathing exercises to control your stress levels.

There are no quick fixes when it comes to increasing intelligence; it takes time. Patience, perseverance, and a desire for lifelong learning are necessary for personal development and cognitive improvement. Utilizing these techniques in your day-to-day activities will help you maximize your cognitive abilities and continuously improve your intellect.

LifeDNA’s Genetic Personality and Cognition Traits

Intelligence may not be inherently a human trait but it is measured and observed by human means. LifeDNA’s Personality and Cognition Report gives insight into several traits that can help you understand and increase your cognitive functions . LifeDNA’s Personality and Cognition report covers an analysis of Abstract Reasoning (Fluid Intelligence) (aka Logical-Mathematical Intelligence) and 35 other personal and cognition-related traits. Get yours here.

Summary

Intelligence, a complex trait, includes our capacity for comprehension, learning, reasoning, and environmental adaptation.
Language, logical-mathematical, geographical, musical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal intelligence are only a few of the many skills that make up intelligence.
According to studies, both genetics and environment have a big impact on intelligence. The nature vs. nurture argument aims to understand the relative contributions of genetic (nature) and environmental (nurture) factors in influencing a person’s intelligence.
The complex attribute of intelligence is influenced by a number of genes and environmental variables.
Genetic variables regularly interact with environmental circumstances. The influence of these environmental elements can also vary from person to person depending on specific circumstances.
The improvement of intelligence is essential for the welfare of both individuals and society.
Although a person’s cognitive talents are largely determined by genetic and environmental variables, there are techniques to improve and optimize one’s intellectual potential.

References

Our reports have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The contents on our website and our reports are for informational purposes only, and are not intended to diagnose any medical condition, replace the advice of a healthcare professional, or provide any medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Consult with a healthcare professional before making any major lifestyle changes or if you have any other concerns about your results. The testimonials featured may have used more than one LifeDNA or LifeDNA vendors’ product or reports.

Genetics and Personality: What You Should Know

Aira on March 31, 2023

There are many personality traits – so many that even experts cannot agree exactly on how many there are. Various factors affect these traits and there have been numerous studies on whether personality traits are the product of nature or nurture.

Nature says that personality traits are a result of where someone came from as the good old saying would tell you, “the apple does not fall far from the tree.” Nurture says it doesn’t matter where the apple came from, only that it was picked up, cared for, and taught to be a good apple (this is hypothetical, of course, apples are not sentient).

A personality DNA test can give you more insights into your personality traits and whether or not you have inherited certain variations from your parents. LifeDNA offers various plans you can try today.

Are personality traits genetic?

Genetics and personality can go hand in hand. Studies would say that there is a huge percentage of your personality that was inherited from your parents and your ancestors. One study suggests that there is a 30 to 60 percent chance of inheriting certain traits and various psychological conditions. Genetics play an important role in determining whether you have a personality trait that is stronger or weaker than another.

So, what are some genetic personality traits? The big 5 personality traits are often known by the acronym O.C.E.A.N. which stands for Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. To know more about your personality traits, try LifeDNA today.

Openness

One of the “Big Five” dimensions of personality, openness refers to the ability of an individual to learn new things and be open to new experiences. If you took a DNA personality test and it says you have high levels of openness, you are most likely to be creative and adventurous. This trait is also closely associated with intelligence because being open to new things and experiences challenges your mental capabilities.

Conscientiousness

Conscientious individuals tend to be thoughtful. They have good impulse control and are more goal-oriented compared to their peers. They process their emotions carefully and assess the next steps to take. They can be methodical and tend to plan everything as much as possible but this trait is usually what makes them succeed in their goals.

Extroversion

Sometimes also spelled as extraversion, this personality trait is possessed by individuals who are the life of the party. Extroverted people are sociable, charming, assertive, and have high emotional expressiveness. A DNA personality test can tell you that if you are likely to be extroverted, you most likely love being around people and going to social gatherings. You feel most at home when there are plenty of familiar (and unfamiliar) faces around.

Agreeableness

Agreeable people are not those who always say yes and agree to everything. Being agreeable is a much more complex personality trait and it involves being good at social interactions, assessing other people’s emotions (being sympathetic and empathetic), and having a persuasive nature. If your personality DNA test says that you may be less likely to be agreeable and disregard their emotions and feelings over your own.

Neuroticism

Neuroticism refers to an individual’s long-term and consistent emotional state, especially in the face of danger, loss, or stress. If you tend to be neurotic, you are more likely to experience frequent mood swings, anxiety, depression, and irritability. Being overly neurotic can be damaging to your quality of life if not managed properly.

If you are wondering whether you have inherited some of your personality traits, a DNA test such as LifeDNA offers can give you more insight into your personal behaviours. Discover more about yourself and how you can have a more fulfilling life based on your genetic makeup. Try LifeDNA today.

‘What is my hidden talent?’ Unlock your DNA.

Aira on March 28, 2023

Have you ever wondered what your hidden skills and abilities are? You may have tried a lot of different hobbies or professions, but nothing has quite fit you. What if we told you that the answers might be written in your DNA? You may learn a lot about your strengths from your genetic makeup, like if you have a creative personality type. By gaining access to this insight, you can identify the ideal career for a creative type of individual and realize your full potential.

In this article, we’ll dive into how your DNA can help you unlock your hidden talents.

Examples of hidden talents that you can discover with a DNA test

Your DNA is the key to discovering your unique potential, which can bring happiness and fulfillment in your life.

Some individuals possess an innate talent for music or the arts, while others are exceptional at verbal memory, math, or perceptual speed. Whatever it is, your hidden gift can provide your professional and personal lives with a sense of direction. So consider the possibilities of learning this information with an easy DNA test from LifeDNA today.

Creative personality type based on DNA

Creativity is the ability to generate new ideas and solutions. This skill is useful in many otherwise non-creative fields, such as mathematics, science, and engineering, but can also be helpful in the arts, marketing, and design.

Depending on your DNA you may be more likely to have a creative personality type, which means that you may have more abstract than analytic thinking.

A high propensity for creativity can help guide you to a career path that utilizes your strength as a creative thinker.

Want to see discover your creativity based on DNA? See LifeDNA’s plans to learn more.

Career for a creative person

As previously noted, a DNA personality test may help you learn more about your natural talents and interests and help you select career paths that appeal to your strengths.

If you have a higher likelihood of being a creative person based on your genetics, there are so many options out there where you can express your natural skill.

From graphic design and advertising to photography and film-making, there are many ways to transform your creativity into a successful and rewarding profession. By harnessing your genetic makeup, you can choose the appropriate career path and start steps towards realizing your aspirations.

Ready to discover the skills and talents that may be hiding in your genes and start transforming your career? Try LifeDNA today.

Is Depression Genetic? Unraveling the Science Behind Mood Disorders

Aira on March 20, 2023

Did you know that depression can be influenced by DNA? In this article, we will discuss how mental health, depression, and genetics are related and how understanding these relationships can help you take action on optimizing your well-being.

Importance of Mental Wellness: Breaking the Taboo

Mental wellness refers to the state of mental well-being that allows people to manage life’s difficulties, develop their potential, study and work effectively, and contribute to their communities.

It is a crucial element of well-being that supports both our individual and group capabilities to decide, form connections, and influence the world we live in. However, it is frequently misunderstood and overlooked.

Is Depression Genetic or Environmental?

Millions of individuals throughout the world have experienced or are currently experiencing depression, a prevalent mental condition that can significantly influence an individual’s quality of life and significantly reduce their ability to become functioning members of society.

According to the American Psychiatric Association, depression or major depressive disorder is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, think, and act. This condition can negatively impact a person’s feelings and emotions towards everything and everyone in their lives. People diagnosed with depression may frequently feel sadness or a loss of interest in things and people they once enjoyed and cared about.

There are tell-tale signs of depression but some of the common symptoms are feeling sad or down, changes in appetite, changes in sleeping patterns, increased fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and even thoughts of self-harm. While depression can affect a person of any age, experts have come to wonder, is there a genetic component to depression? Is depression purely influenced by a person’s environment, including their past traumas and current predicaments?

The truth is depression can be amplified by external variables such as stressful life events and stress, but DNA also has an important role in the development of this condition.

Environmental factors may also greatly contribute to developing depression. Chronic stress, traumatic childhood experiences, and recent life events are a few examples of environmental stressors linked to depression. A few other environmental factors may include:

Stressful Life Events. Depression may be brought on or made worse by the loss of a loved one, divorce, job loss, financial difficulties, or other significant circumstances.
Social Isolation. Depression can be exacerbated by a lack of social interaction and a sense of isolation.
Chronic Illness or Pain. Dealing with ongoing physical health problems or chronic pain can exacerbate depression due to its effects on overall well-being and quality of life.
Unhealthy Diet. Diets heavy in processed foods and poor nutrition may have a negative impact on brain health and exacerbate depressed symptoms.
Disrupted Sleep Patterns. Poor sleep hygiene, insomnia, or irregular sleeping habits can all lead to sadness.
Media and Social Media Influence. Social media comparisons, unrealistic body images, and constant negative news exposure can all have a negative impact on one’s self-esteem and heighten depression symptoms.
Parenting and Family Dynamics. Depression may arise as a result of dysfunctional family dynamics, parental neglect, or early trauma.

It’s essential to understand how these elements can interact with one another and a person’s genetic makeup to affect how likely they are to experience depression.

You may also like: What is 23andMe Raw Data?

Digging Into The Science: The Genetics of Depression

Untangling the complex web of causes for depression as a mental wellness issue requires an understanding of the genetics of depression. Can people be more predisposed to depression due to their unique genetic makeup? Is genetics just part of the puzzle and if so, how big of a part is it? If genetics has the potential to answer the long-standing questions of experts about how and why depression is developed, it is worth knowing more about the role of genetics even in the common person.

According to rigorous research, depression has a genetic component. People who have experienced depression in their families may be more likely to experience it themselves. Certain genetic differences may increase a person’s susceptibility to depression when they are subjected to particular environmental stressors or causes. Studies on twins and families have revealed that there is a hereditary component to depression. A person with close relatives, such as parents or siblings who have depression, may be more likely to experience depression than those who have no family history.

Scientists have identified specific genes that might be associated with an increased risk of this mental condition. However, no single gene has been found to be solely responsible for depression. It is also difficult to pinpoint a few specific genes with a significant effect on depression risk due to their polygenic character. There are likely several genes that together contribute to depression, each having an impact.

Moreover, genetics and environmental factors can interact and cause, trigger, or amplify depressive symptoms. People with a genetic predisposition may be more vulnerable to specific environmental triggers or aggravators of depression, such as traumatic experiences or long-term stress. In sum, depression results from the interaction of a person’s environment and genetic predisposition, and it is influenced by all of these elements at different stages of development.

Types of Depression

Depression manifests in a variety of ways, each carrying its own distinct weight and being a complex and diverse emotional experience. There are several types of depression, some of which have symptoms that overlap. This is why the correct assessments of mental health professionals are needed when diagnosing depression in any individual.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The most popular in the group, MDD is the most common type of depression. Symptoms may include low mood, fatigue, diminished interest, and feelings of worthlessness. There are subtypes of MDD:
- Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). The feelings of persons who struggle with SAD change with the seasons. This kind of depression, which usually manifests during the short winter days, causes tiredness, changes in appetite, and a melancholic shroud that dissipates as soon as the sun shines again.
- Prenatal and Postpartum Depression. The joy of new life isn’t a universal experience. Prenatal depression is depression that happens during pregnancy. Postpartum depression is depression that develops within four weeks of delivering a baby. Postpartum depression affects some new mothers, casting a shadow over what should be a time of celebration, and adding layers of guilt and hopelessness to an already challenging phase. The risk of developing this type of depression is higher during pregnancy and in the first year after childbirth.
- Atypical Depression. This type of depression frequently goes unnoticed under the garb of exhaustion, excessive sleep, overeating, and rejection sensitivity. The paradox is that despite the underlying sadness, it is possible to have brief moments of enjoyment.
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia). Dysthymia is a milder but longer-lasting form of depression. Symptoms last at least 2 years and have similar symptoms as major depression, but less in severity.
Bipolar Disorder. A confusing mix of emotions, bipolar disorder alternates between periods of sadness and mania with periods of neutral mood. A bipolar individual’s journey is turbulent because of the manic peaks and depressive depths, with spikes in energy followed by plunges into depression.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). A heightened form of premenstrual syndrome, PMDD throws a tidal wave of emotions into the lives of some women each month. Severe irritability, anxiety, or depression are some of the symptoms. After your period begins, these symptoms usually go away within a few days, but they can occasionally be so bad that they seriously affect your daily life.
Situational or Reactive Depression. This particular sort of depression is a typical response to outside conditions that are brought on by life events such as loss, trauma, or stress. Even though it is frequently transient, it can be extremely emotionally taxing.

Is Postpartum Depression Genetic?

A type of depressive disorder that can develop after childbirth is called postpartum depression (PPD), often referred to as postnatal depression. Mood swings, irritability, and feelings of sadness are common in new mothers shortly after giving birth and are commonly referred to as the “baby blues.” Postpartum depression is more severe and pervasive than the “baby blues,” and it can have a significant impact on a mother’s capacity to care for herself and her child. its prevalence is estimated to be between 10% and 15% among new mothers.

PPD symptoms might include ongoing melancholy, exhaustion, changes in eating and sleep patterns, trouble concentrating, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and in extreme situations, thoughts of hurting oneself or the unborn child. Early identification and treatment of PPD are essential since it can affect a mother’s ability to carry out everyday tasks and form bonds with her child.

The chance of having PPD may have a hereditary component, according to research studies. Women who have family members who have experienced postpartum depression may be more likely to develop depression themselves. Genetics, however, is not the only cause; hormonal changes, psychological factors, lack of social support, and other life stressors all significantly contribute to the development of PPD.

There is still a chance that you could develop postpartum depression even if no women in your family have ever experienced it. Environmental elements also have an impact. For instance, a difficult childbirth could result in postpartum depression. Recognize the danger indicators and risk factors so you can seek assistance as soon as feasible. Risk elements consist of:

Any previous experience with depression
Events that caused stress during pregnancy
Challenging breastfeeding
Undesired pregnancy
Infants born with health issues
Relationship issues with your partner
A weak system of support
Financial difficulty

Although having a genetic predisposition may raise the risk, PPD is not a given. Many women with a family history of depression may not experience PPD. Contrarily, some women without a family history of depression may get PPD. Complex interactions exist between environmental and genetic risk factors.

While undoubtedly a challenging and often scary battle for mothers, having PPD does not equate to being a bad parent. Therapy, support groups, lifestyle modifications, and in certain situations, medication, are all possible treatment choices. Early intervention can help moms regain their emotional health and capacity to care for their children while also dramatically improving outcomes.

Is Depression Related to Bipolar Disorder?

Both depression and bipolar disorder are mental health conditions that are related to one another but also have crucial differences. While mood disruptions are present in both illnesses, there are differences in the types and patterns of these changes. Both conditions have similar symptoms such as:

Mood Episodes. Mood episodes are a feature of both depression and bipolar disorder. Anhedonia or the loss of ability to feel pleasure, a persistently depressed mood, and a number of other symptoms are all characteristics of depression. The same symptoms that characterize depressive episodes in depression also occur in bipolar disorder.
Impaired Functioning. Both disorders have the potential to drastically reduce a person’s capacity for everyday living, impacting their ability to work, form relationships, and generally enjoy their lives.
Overlap in Symptoms. During depression episodes, both bipolar disorder and depression might share the same symptoms, such as exhaustion, trouble focusing, and changes in food or sleep.

The key differences between bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (sometimes also referred to as unipolar disorder) may include the lengths of episodes, varying degrees of symptoms, and the manic episodes that are more commonly attributed to bipolar disorder.

Manic or Hypomanic Episodes. The existence of manic or hypomanic episodes in bipolar disorder is one of the main distinctions. People who go through these periods report higher mood, greater energy, impulsivity, racing thoughts, and occasionally a reduced need for sleep. Hypomania is less severe than mania, which can result in reckless behavior and poor judgment.
Duration of Mood Episodes. Compared to unipolar depression, bipolar disorder’s depressive episodes typically continue longer. Manic or hypomanic phases of bipolar disorder are also frequently shorter than depressed episodes.
Genetic Factors. Although there is a hereditary component to both disorders, bipolar disorder has a stronger genetic connection. In comparison to unipolar depression, your risk of getting bipolar disorder is significantly increased if your family has a history of the condition.
Severity of symptoms. Extreme mood swings associated with bipolar disorder can cause more severe disruptions in a person’s life and have a distinct impact on relationships, career, and general functioning.
Treatment Approaches. There are various treatment modalities. While psychotherapy and, in some situations, medication, can help both disorders, bipolar disorder frequently necessitates the use of certain mood stabilizers to control manic or hypomanic episodes.

It is crucial to remember that a mental health professional must do a complete evaluation in order to diagnose and distinguish between these disorders. People who think they might have either ailment should have a proper evaluation so they can get a proper diagnosis and the right care.

What is Seasonal Depression and is it Genetic?

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), often referred to as seasonal depression, is a type of depression that follows a seasonal pattern. It frequently happens during certain seasons of the year, most frequently in the fall and winter when there are fewer daylight hours. Although less frequently, some people may have SAD in the spring and summer.

Low mood, loss of interest in activities, exhaustion, changes in sleep and appetite, difficulties focusing, and feelings of worthlessness or hopelessness are just a few of the symptoms that SAD and major depressive illness share. But what distinguishes SAD is its predictable pattern of onset and remission depending on the cyclical nature of the seasons.

Research suggests that there is a genetic component to seasonal affective disorder, although the genetic links are not as well-established as they are for some other types of depression. Studies have shown that individuals with a family history of mood disorders, including SAD, might be at a higher risk of developing the condition themselves.

It’s crucial to remember that, although genetics may play a part in a propensity for SAD, environmental circumstances can have a big impact. It is believed that one of the main causes of SAD is diminished exposure to natural sunlight during particular seasons. Incorrect levels of neurotransmitters like serotonin and melatonin can cause circadian cycles to be disrupted, which can affect mood and sleep.

Seasonal affective disorder is more common in people with bipolar disorder. Mania episodes in some bipolar patients may be connected to a particular season. For instance, spring and summer might trigger mania symptoms or a milder type of mania (hypomania), as well as worry, agitation, and impatience. They could also go through periods of depression in the fall and winter.

Can SAD be treated? Much like other types of depression, SAD has varying treatment options. Experts believe that focusing on addressing the disruption in sleeping patterns and increasing the body’s exposure to natural light may help treat or manage SAD. Some of the more common treatments include:

Light Therapy. Phototherapy, another name for light therapy, entails exposure to glaring artificial light that mimics the effects of natural sunlight. The symptoms of SAD are frequently improved by this therapy.
Psychotherapy. People can learn coping mechanisms for controlling SAD symptoms with the aid of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and other talk therapies.
Medication. Antidepressant drugs may occasionally be recommended in order to treat SAD symptoms.
Lifestyle Changes. Getting regular exercise, eating well, and controlling stress can all help with mood enhancement and SAD symptom management.

Symptoms	Major Depression Disorder	Postpartum Depression	Bipolar Disorder	Seasonal Depression
Anxiety	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Feelings of Isolation	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Manic Episodes	No	No	Yes	Possible
Changes in Sleep Patterns	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Change in Appetite	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Exhaustion or Fatigue	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Guilt	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Dissociation	Possible	Possible	Yes	Possible

Which Is the Strongest Genetic Link Associated with Depression?

According to research, the neurological underpinnings and pathogenesis of depressive illnesses are still unclear, despite extensive research over the past few decades. Based on family, twin, and adoption studies, genetic variables play significant roles in the onset of MDD and may provide crucial insights into the disease’s pathophysiology.

While there isn’t a single “strongest” genetic link connected to depression, scientists have discovered a number of genetic markers and candidate genes that are thought to contribute to its onset. It’s crucial to remember that no single gene can entirely explain depression, which is likely affected by a mix of several genetic variants.

However, the most studied single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are SNP rs782212 (gene: Intergenic), SNP rs4810896 (gene: LOC105372648-ARFGEF), and SNP rs7973260 (gene: KSR2). The most prevalent form of genetic variation in people is called an SNP. They entail a single nucleotide alteration at a specific location in the genome’s DNA sequence. These differences are what give people their unique characteristics, and they also have an impact on different traits, illnesses, and susceptibilities.

Intergenic Gene (SNP rs782212). SNP rs782212 is situated in an area of the genome that does not code for a particular protein, which is referred to as an “intergenic” region of DNA. Although research has demonstrated that intergenic areas can still perform regulatory roles, altering the expression of nearby genes or contributing to the three-dimensional folding of chromosomes, they were previously thought to be non-functional and were not given much attention. Numerous genetic variations for major depressive disorder (MDD) have been discovered through genome-wide association (GWA) research, however, the majority of these variations are intergenic. The intergenic regions have been shown to contain about 54% of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).

LOC105372648-ARFGEF Gene (SNP rs4810896). The gene identification LOC105372648-ARFGEF has a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) component and a mention of the “ARFGEF” gene. A family of RNA molecules known as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are those that are longer than 200 nucleotides yet do not code for proteins. Instead, they participate in a number of cellular regulatory processes including chromatin remodeling, gene expression regulation, and interaction with other cellular elements. Some lncRNAs have been linked to particular illnesses and cellular functions. ADP-ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (ARFGEF) is a protein that is encoded by the “ARFGEF” gene. ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs), which are GTPases that participate in intracellular membrane trafficking and vesicle formation, are regulated by this protein. By enabling the exchange of GDP for GTP, ARFGEFs activate ARFs, and as a result, regulate their activity.

KSR2 Gene (SNP rs7973260). Obesity and metabolic characteristics are linked to the KSR2 gene and the SNP rs7973260. On chromosome 12, the KSR2 (Kinase Suppressor of Ras 2) gene produces a protein that participates in intracellular signaling pathways. KSR2 is a component of the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway, which plays a crucial role in the communication of signals from cell surface receptors to the cell nucleus, ultimately influencing functions like cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The KSR2 gene contains the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs7973260. SNPs, such as rs7973260, are variations in the DNA sequence that may affect how a gene functions or how it is expressed. Some SNPs have links to specific traits, illnesses, or drug reactions.

Regardless of genetic markers, anyone can experience depression, and most people may experience depression at least briefly in their lifetimes. If you think you have a unique genetic makeup that is susceptible to depression, a DNA test is your best bet. Experts believe that while Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is yet to be scientifically proven to be hereditary, there are similar mental health conditions to MDD that are passed down from one generation to the next.

If you want to take genetic testing for mental well-being, LifeDNA can give you insights into genetic inclination towards depression, loneliness, and other unique traits based on your DNA. Check out our personalized DNA plans to learn more.

Neuroticism: Are Personality Traits Genetic?

Aside from depression, one other important trait that can impact your well-being is Neuroticism. Neuroticism is one of the Big Five personality traits. It is a long-term and relatively stable tendency to be in a negative or anxious emotional state, especially in response to threats, frustration, or loss.

Individuals who score high in this trait tend to experience mood swings, anxiety, irritability, and sadness. Neuroticism can also be damaging to the quality of your life and reduce your lifespan.

Depending on your DNA, you may have an increased likelihood of being moody and experiencing feelings such as anxiety, worry, fear, anger, frustration, envy, jealousy, guilt, depression, and loneliness.

Get your mental health DNA test today for Neuroticism and unlock LifeDNA’s Personality & Cognition Report.

LifeDNA’s Personality & Cognition Report - A Walkthrough

If you or a loved one are struggling with mental wellness challenges, consider exploring the potential benefits of genetic testing.

By gaining a deeper understanding of your unique genetic makeup, you can better understand your genetic inclination towards mental wellness issues, and ultimately, make more informed decisions about your well-being.

Take charge of your mental wellness journey today and see what genetic testing can do for you.

Summary

Depression or Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, think, and act.
Depression has a genetic component. People who have experienced depression in their families may be more likely to experience it themselves.
MDD manifests in a variety of ways. There are several types of depression and some of have symptoms that overlap.
There is no single genetic link that is solely connected to depression. Scientists have discovered a number of genetic markers and candidate genes that are thought to contribute to the onset of this mental condition.
No single gene can entirely explain depression. Depression is likely affected by a mix of several genetic variants.
Mental health professionals must do a complete evaluation of an individual potentially diagnosed with MDD in order to assess and correctly treat the patient.

Overview

What is Neuroticism?

Is Neuroticism a Mental Illness?

What Causes Neuroticism?

How to Lower Neuroticism?

How to Treat Neuroticism?

Genetics Of Neuroticism

L3MBTL2

CRHR1

Non-Genetic Factors Affecting Neuroticism

Actionable Tips For Regulating Your Emotions

LifeDNA’s Personality & Cognition Report

References

Overview

Is Intelligence a Purely Human Trait?

What is Intelligence?

Nature vs. Nurture: Is Intelligence Genetic or Environmental?

Genetic Markers

Non-Genetic Factors

What are the Types of Intelligence?

Why is Improving Intelligence Important?

Ways to Improve Intelligence

LifeDNA’s Genetic Personality and Cognition Traits

Summary

References

Are personality traits genetic?

Openness

Conscientiousness

Extroversion

Agreeableness

Neuroticism

Examples of hidden talents that you can discover with a DNA test

Creative personality type based on DNA

Career for a creative person

Importance of Mental Wellness: Breaking the Taboo

Is Depression Genetic or Environmental?

Digging Into The Science: The Genetics of Depression

Types of Depression

Is Postpartum Depression Genetic?

Is Depression Related to Bipolar Disorder?

What is Seasonal Depression and is it Genetic?

Which Is the Strongest Genetic Link Associated with Depression?

Neuroticism: Are Personality Traits Genetic?

LifeDNA’s Personality & Cognition Report - A Walkthrough

Summary

References

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